The Vegetable Harvesting Guide: When & How to Harvest in the North


You put a lot of work into your vegetable garden and it’s only natural to want to reap the rewards - after all, you deserve it. To get the best tasting vegetables and encourage plants to keep producing, keep track of days to maturity and consult the following guide to know when and how to harvest vegetables in the north.

Chart of When & How to Harvest Vegetables


Asparagus
When: Spears reach 6 - 10" tall

How: Use a sharp knife & cut spears at ground level
Beans, Lima
When: Pods have filled out & before they yellow *

How: Twist & snap pods from plant
Beans, Snap
When: Pods have small seeds, about 1/4 the size of plant seed

How: Twist & snap pods from plant
Beets
When: Bulbs reach 2 - 3" in diameter **

How: Pull from base of plant
Broccoli
When: Terminal heads have tight, dark green florets

How: Cleanly slice heads 4- 5" below florets
Brussels Sprouts
When: Harvest when sprouts are small & firm

How: Twist sprouts off starting at bottom of plant & working up
Cabbage
When: Heads are firm and before they split

How: Cleanly slice heads from plant
Cantaloupe
When: Fruit is beige, blossom end is soft & stem easily slips off vine

How: Twist & pull from vine
Carrots
When: Roots reach 1 - 2" in diameter ***

How: Twist & pull at base of plant
Cauliflower
When: Heads reach 1-2" in diameter, tie outer leaves over head. Harvest 1 -2 weeks later before heads yellow

How: Cleanly slice heads from plant
Chard, Swiss
When: Early summer to first moderate frost

How: Break off outer leaves of plant
Corn, Sweet
When: Tips fill out husk, silks are dry & kernels full. Peel back top of husk & press fingernail into a kernel, if it gives a milk-like sap, it’s ready for harvest

How: Twist & pull ears from stalks
Cucumbers
When: Diameter reaches 1 ½ - 2 ½", spines soften & before cucumbers turn yellow

How: Twist and pull from vine
Eggplant
When: Almost full-grown & bright & shiny in color

How: Twist & pull from plant
Kale
When: Leaves & stems reach size of hand

How: Snip handful at a time leaving terminal bud on plant
Kohlrabi
When: Stems reach 2 - 3" in diameter

How: Pull plants from ground, cut tops
Lettuce, Heads
When: Head is firm & before bolting

How: Pull entire plant from ground & slice off head
Lettuce, Leaf
When: Leaves reach desired size

How: Snip outer leaves, working inward as leaves mature
Okra
When: Pods reach 2 - 3" long

How: Snap pods from plant
Onions, Bulb
When: Tops have browned and fallen over

How: Pull on dry, windy day, let rest in garden for 1day, cure in dry, well-ventilated area for 2 weeks
Onions, Green
When: 5” tall or when desired size is reached

How: Pull or snip greens to allow for mature harvest later
Parsnips
When: Late fall after a few moderate freezes

How: Twist & pull at base of plant
Peas, Shelling
When: Peas begin to fill pods, pods begin to swell

How: Twist and pull from plant
Peas, Snow
When: Pods reach desired length & before they fill out

How: Twist & snap from plant
Pepper, Sweet
When: Fruits are thick, firm, full-sized & desired color

How: Cleanly slice stem from plant
Potatoes, New
When: 2 weeks after blooming

How: Dig up
Potatoes, Main
When: Tops have died down & ground is dry

How: Dig up, cure in dry, well-ventilated area for 10-14 days
Pumpkins
When: Thumbnail cannot penetrate skin, stem browns & dries

How: Cut from vine leaving 1-2" of stem attached to pumpkin
Radish
When: Bulb reaches ½-1" in diameter ****

How: Pull from base of plant
Rhubarb
When: Stalks are ½-1" in diameter, & 10-12" tall (leaves are poisonous)

How: Twist & pull stalks at bases
Spinach
When: Leaves reach desired size

How: Snip or pinch leaves working from outside of plant inwards
Squash, Summer
When: Young & tender, skin is penetrable by thumbnail

How: Twist & pull from vine leaving ½" stem attached to squash
Squash, Winter
When: Thumbnail cannot penetrate skin, stem browns & dries

How: Cut from vine leaving 1-2" of stem attached to squash, cure for 10 days in well-ventilated, dry area
Sweet Potato
When: In fall, before first major frost               

How: Dig up, cure 1 week in well-ventilated, dry area
Tomato
When: Firm & uniformly red

How: Twist & pull from plant
Turnip
When: Bulbs are 1" + in diameter & before first major frost

How: Twist & pull at base
Watermelon
When: Sounds dull & hollow when thumped, bottom yellows & tendrils brown & die

How: Snip stem from vine

* Beans, Lima: For tender lima beans, harvest right before beans mature. For meatier beans, harvest when fully mature.

** Beets: Harvest beet greens when beets are about 1" in diameter. Spring planted beets should be harvested by July while fall planted beets should be harvested before the ground freezes.

*** Carrots: Harvest carrots planted in spring by July and carrots planted in fall before the ground freezes.

**** Radishes: Harvest radishes planted in spring by July and radishes planted in fall before ground freezes.


Reference: De Long, Eric. "Guidelines for Harvesting Vegetables." Cornell.edu. Cornell Cooperative Extension, Chemung County, Oct. 2001. Web. Aug. 2012. <http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/factsheets/vegetables/harvestguide.pdf >.

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